Hydrogen Applications and Solid-State Storage Materials: A Critical Review of Mechanisms, Material Innovations, and Prospects Toward Practical Hydrogen Energy Systems
Abstract
Hydrogen has significant potential as a clean energy carrier to support the transition toward sustainable energy systems. However, the widespread implementation of a hydrogen economy is still limited by challenges associated with safe, efficient, and high-capacity hydrogen storage technologies. In general, hydrogen storage systems are classified into physical storage, chemical storage, and solid-state storage. This review article systematically discusses various hydrogen storage technologies, with a particular focus on solid-state hydrogen storage, including metal hydrides, complex hydrides such as alanates, and chemical hydrides encompassing borohydrides and liquid organic hydrides. Each class of materials is evaluated in terms of storage capacity, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, as well as issues related to reversibility and regeneration. The review highlights that, despite considerable progress, no single hydrogen storage system currently satisfies all practical requirements. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of hydrogen–material interactions, along with material design and catalytic strategies, is essential for advancing hydrogen storage technologies toward practical applications.
Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Solid-state hydrogen storage; Metal hydrides; Chemical hydrides; Thermodynamic and kinetic properties
Full Text:
Full text PDFReferences
R. A. Varin, T. Czujko, Z. S. Wronski, P. Prachi, M. M. Wagh, and G. Aneesh, “Chapter 2 ‘ Heart ’ of Solid State Hydrogen Storage,” Advance in Energy Power, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 11–22, 2009.
B. Sakintuna, Lamari-Darkrim, Farida, and M. Hirscher, “Metal hydride materials for solid hydrogen storage: A review,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1121–1140, 2007.
M. Hirscher, V. A. Yartys, M. Baricco, J. B. von Colbe, D. Blanchard, R. C. Bowman, Jr., D. P. Broom, C. E. Buckley, F. Chang, P. Chen, Y. W. Cho, J.-C. Crivello, F. Cuevas, W. I. F. David, P. E. de Jongh, R. V. Denys, M. Dornheim, M. Felderhoff, Y. Filinchuk, G. E. Froudakis, D. M. Grant, E. M. A. Gray, B. C. Hauback, T. He, T. D. Humphries, T. R. Jensen, S. Kim, Y. Kojima, M. Latroche, H.-W. Li, M. V. Lototskyy, J. W. Makepeace, K. T. Møller, L. Naheed, P. Ngene, D. Noréus, M. M. Nygård, S.-i. Orimo, M. Paskevicius, L. Pasquini, D. B. Ravnsbæk, M. V. Sofianos, T. J. Udovic, T. Vegge, G. S. Walker, C. J. Webb, C. Weidenthaler, and C. Zlotea,., “Materials for hydrogen-based energy storage – Past, recent progress and future outlook,” J. Alloys Compd., p. 153548, 2019.
I. Staffell, D. Scamman, A. Velazquez Abad, P. Balcombe, P. E. Dodds, P. Ekins, N. Shah, and K. R. Ward, “Environmental Science The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system,” Energy and Environmental Science, no. 12, p. 463,2018.
A.M. Sadeq, R.Z. Homod, A. K. Hussein, H. Togun, A. Mahmoodi, H. F. Isleem, A. R. Patil, and A. H. Moghaddam, “Hydrogen energy systems: Technologies, trends, and future prospects,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 939, no. April, p. 173622, 2024.
G. Glenk and S. Reichelstein, “hydrogen,” Nature Energy, 2017.
A. Saeedmanesh, M. A. Mac Kinnon, and J. Brouwer, “Hydrogen is essential for sustainability,” Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, vol. 12, pp. 166–181, 2018.
R. K. Ahluwalia, T. Q. Hua, and J. K. Peng, “On-board and Off-board performance of hydrogen storage options for light-duty vehicles,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2891–2910, 2012.
G. Walker, Solid-state hydrogen storage. 2010.
S. Kumar and H. Oh, “Sustainable Energy & Fuels,” vol. 10, no. 4, 2026.
F. Ding and B. I. Yakobson, “Challenges in hydrogen adsorptions : from physisorption to chemisorption,” Frontiers of Physics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 142–150, 2015.
K. Soni and N. L. Panwar, “Emergence of carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage : an overview,” vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 147–168, 2024.
H. Cheng, L. Chen, A. C. Cooper, and G. P. Pez, “Hydrogen spillover in the context of hydrogen storage using solid-state materials,” pp. 338–354, 2008.
C. Milanese, S. Garroni, F. Gennari, A. Marini, T. Klassen, M. Dornheim, and C. Pistidda, “Solid state hydrogen storage in alanates and alanate-based compounds: A review,” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1–15, 2018.
M. Lototskyy, I. Tolj, Y. Klochko, M. W. Davids, D. Swanepoel, and V. Linkov, “Metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for fuel cell utility vehicles,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019.
V. Stavila, R. K. Bhakta, T. M. Alam, E. H. Majzoub, and M. D. Allendorf, “Reversible hydrogen storage by NaAlH4 confined within a titanium-functionalized MOF-74(Mg) nanoreactor,” ACS Nano, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 9807–9817, 2012.
K. Z. Patil, Hydrogen, vol. 38, no. 10. 1997.
A. Keçebaş and M. Kayfeci, “Hydrogen properties,” Sol. Hydrog. Prod. Process. Syst. Technol., pp. 3–29, 2019.
S. W. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. J. Park, and Y. S. Cho, “Combustion and emission characteristics of HCNG in a constant volume chamber,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 489–494, 2011.
K. Mazloomi and C. Gomes, “Hydrogen as an energy carrier: Prospects and challenges,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3024–3033, 2012.
M. D. and G. C. Vincent, B., Gregg R., “Size effects on the hydrogen storage properties of nanostructured metal hydrides: A Review,” International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 637–663, 2007.
V. Ananthachar and J. J. Duffy, “Efficiencies of hydrogen storage systems onboard fuel cell vehicles,” Solar Energy, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 687–694, 2005.
J. Sarkar and S. Bhattacharyya, “Application of graphene and graphene-based materials in clean energy-related devices Minghui,” Archives of Thermodynamics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 23–40, 2012.
R. A. Felseghi, E. Carcadea, M. S. Raboaca, C. N. Trufin, and C. Filote, “Hydrogen fuel cell technology for the sustainable future of stationary applications,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 23, 2019.
L. Wang, Y. Hong, E. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Chen, S. Yang, J. Wang, X. Lin, and J. Shi, “ScienceDirect Rapid polymerization synthesizing high- crystalline g-C 3 N 4 towards boosting solar photocatalytic H 2 generation,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, no. xxxx, 2020.
A. M. Hussein, K. Kadirgama, and M. M. Noor, “Nanoparticles suspended in ethylene glycol thermal properties and applications : An overview,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., no. June 2015, pp. 0–1, 2016.
C. Mansilla, C. Bourasseau, C. Cany, B. Guinot, A. Le Duigou, and P. Lucchese, Hydrogen applications: Overview of the key economic issues and perspectives. Elsevier Ltd., 2018.
F. Zhang and P. Cooke, “Hydrogen and fuel cell development in China: A review,” European Planning Studies, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1153–1168, 2010.
K. Volkart, M. Densing, R. De Miglio, T. Priem, S. Pye, and B. Cox, The Role of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen in Stationary Applications. Elsevier Inc., 2017.
S. C. Singhal, “Solid oxide fuel cells for stationary, mobile, and military applications,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 152–153, pp. 405–410, 2002..
O. Abdul Rosyid, “Infrastruktur Hidrogen Untuk Aplikasi Fuel Cell,” pp. 1–2, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://media.neliti.com.
P. Ferreira-Aparicio and A. M. Chaparro, Why portable electricity with hydrogen fuel cells? Elsevier Inc., 2018.
Q. Lai, M. Paskevicius, D. A. Sheppard, C. E. Buckley, A. W. Thornton, M. R. Hill, Q. Gu, J. Mao, Z. Huang, H. K. Liu, Z. Guo, A. Banerjee, S. Chakraborty, R. Ahuja, and K.-F. Aguey-Zinsou, “Hydrogen Storage Materials for Mobile and Stationary Applications: Current State of the Art,” ChemSusChem, vol. 8, no. 17, pp. 2789–2825, 2015.
P. P. Kundu and K. Dutta, Hydrogen fuel cells for portable applications, no. c. Elsevier Ltd., 2016.
Colpan, “Portable fuel cells – fundamentals, technologies and applications C. O. Colpan 1 , I. Dincer 2* , and F. Hamdullahpur 1 1,” 2008.
A. R. Kalidindi, R. Taspinar, S. Litster, and E. C. Kumbur, “A two-phase model for studying the role of microporous layer and catalyst layer interface on polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, no. 22, pp. 9297–9309, 2013.
H. J. Ã, Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z. Ma, and Y. Yao, “An experimental study on a modified air conditioner with a domestic hot water supply ( ACDHWS ),” vol. 31, pp. 1789–1803, 2006.
D. D. Demir, A. Salcı, and R. Solmaz, “ScienceDirect Fabrication of Mo-modified carbon felt as candidate substrate for electrolysis : Optimization of pH , current and metal amount *,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, pp. 1–9, 2018.
R. Alamian, R. Shafaghat, S. J. Miri, and N. Yazdanshenas, “Evaluation of technologies for harvesting wave energy in Caspian Sea,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, vol. 32, pp. 468–476, 2014.
H. Kreutzer, V. Yarlagadda, and T. Van Nguyen, “Performance Evaluation of a Regenerative Hydrogen-Bromine Fuel Cell,” vol. 159, no. 7, 2012, doi: 10.1149/2.086207jes.
O. J. Vickers, D. Peterson, K. Randolph, E. Miller, and S. Satyapal, “Table 1 – Hydrogen costs for PEM electrolysis from H2A with associated inputs of electricity cost, capacity factor, and uninstalled system capital cost. 4,” pp. 5–9, 2020.
H. T. Hwang and A. Varma, “Hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles,” Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., vol. 5, pp. 42–48, 2014.
S. State and H. Storage, Handbook of Hydrogen Storage. 2011.
S. S. A. Al Kareem, Q. Hassan, H. F. Fakhruldeen, T. M. Hanoon, F. I. Jabbar, S. Algburi, and D. H. Khalaf, “A review on physical and chemical hydrogen storage methods for sustainable energy applications,” Unconventional Resources, vol. 8, no. June, p. 100235, 2025.
E. Nemukula, C. B. Mtshali, and F. Nemangwele, “Review Article Metal Hydrides for Sustainable Hydrogen Storage : A Review,” vol. 2025, 2025.
M. Altaf, U. B. Demirci, and A. K. Haldar, “Review of solid-state hydrogen storage : Materials categorisation , recent developments , challenges and industrial perspectives,” Energy Reports, vol. 13, no. January, pp. 5746–5772, 2025.
S. Niaz, T. Manzoor, and A. H. Pandith, “Hydrogen storage: Materials, methods and perspectives,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, vol. 50, pp. 457–469, 2015.
S. M. Lee and Y. H. Lee, “Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 76, no. 20, pp. 2877–2879, 2000.
Seung Mi Lee, Kay Hyeok An, Young Hee Lee, G. Seifert, and T. Frauenheim, “A hydrogen storage mechanism in single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 123, no. 21, pp. 5059–5063, 2001.
Y. Chen, D. T. Shaw, X. D. Bai, E. G. Wang, C. Lund, W. M. Lu, and D. D. L. Chung, “Hydrogen storage in aligned carbon nanotubes,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, no. 15, pp. 2128–2130, 2001.
C. Liu, Y. Chen, C. Z. Wu, S. T. Xu, and H. M. Cheng, “Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes revisited,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 452–455, 2010.
E. Yoo, L. Gao, T. Komatsu, N. Yagai, K. Arai, T. Yamazaki, K. Matsuishi, T. Matsumoto, and J. Nakamura, “Atomic hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes promoted by metal catalysts,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 108, no. 49, pp. 18903–18907, 2004.
Y. Li and R. T. Yang, “Significantly enhanced hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks via spillover,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 3, pp. 726–727, 2006.
P. Rahayu and W. W. Lestari, “Study of Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Frameworks Mof-5 As Hydrogen Storage Material,” ALCHEMY J. Penelitian Kimia, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 14, 2016.
A. Blomqvist, C. M. Araújo, P. Srepusharawoot, and R. Ahuja, “Li-decorated metal-organic framework 5: A route to achieving a suitable hydrogen storage medium,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., vol. 104, no. 51, pp. 20173–20176, 2007.
X. Gu, Z. H. Lu, H. L. Jiang, T. Akita, and Q. Xu, “Synergistic catalysis of metal-organic framework-immobilized au-pd nanoparticles in dehydrogenation of formic acid for chemical hydrogen storage,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 133, no. 31, pp. 11822–11825, 2011.
N. L. Rosi, J. Eckert, M. Eddaoudi, D. T. Vodak, J. Kim, M. O’Keeffe, and O. M. Yaghi, “Hydrogen Storage in Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks,” Science (80-. )., vol. 73, no. 1973, pp. 12–15, 2002.
L. Xia, Z. Bo, Q. Liu, X. Zhang, and Y. Pei, “Li-doped and functionalized metal-organic framework-519 for enhancing hydrogen storage: A computational study,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 166, no. April 2019, pp. 179–186, 2019.
J. Li, S. Cheng, Q. Zhao, P. Long, and J. Dong, “Synthesis and hydrogen-storage behavior of metal-organic framework MOF-5,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 1377–1382, 2009.
Y. E. Cheon and M. P. Suh, “Enhanced hydrogen storage by palladium nanoparticles fabricated in a redox-active metal-organic framework,” Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed., vol. 48, no. 16, pp. 2899–2903, 2009.
M. Dincă, W. S. Han, Y. Liu, A. Dailly, C. M. Brown, D. A. Neumann, and J. R. Long, “Hydrogen storage in a microporous metal–organic framework with exposed Mn²⁺ coordination sites,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 51, pp. 16876–16883, 2006.
Q.-R. Fang, G.-S. Zhu, Z. Jin, Y.-Y. Ji, J.-W. Ye, M. Xue, H. Yang, Y. Wang, and S.-L. Qiu, “Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework with Rare etb Topology for Hydrogen Storage and Dye Assembly,” Angew. Chemie, vol. 119, no. 35, pp. 6758–6762, 2007.
P. Krawiec, M. Kramer, M. Sabo, R. Kunschke, H. Fröde, and S. Kaskel, “Improved hydrogen storage in the Metal-Organic Framework Cu 3(BTC)2,” Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 293–296, 2006.
A. Pacuła and R. Mokaya, “Synthesis and high hydrogen storage capacity of zeolite-like carbons nanocast using as-synthesized zeolite templates,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 112, no. 7, pp. 2764–2769, 2008.
H. Nishihara, P. X. Hou, L. X. Li, M. Ito, M. Uchiyama, T. Kaburagi, A. Ikura, J. Katamura, T. Kawarada, K. Mizuuchi, and T. Kyotani, “High-pressure hydrogen storage in zeolite-templated carbon,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 113, no. 8, pp. 3189–3196, 2009.
N. P. Stadie, J. J. Vajo, R. W. Cumberland, A. A. Wilson, C. C. Ahn, and B. Fultz, “Zeolite-templated carbon materials for high-pressure hydrogen storage,” Langmuir, vol. 28, no. 26, pp. 10057–10063, 2012.
Y. Xia, R. Mokaya, D. M. Grant, and G. S. Walker, “A simplified synthesis of N-doped zeolite-templated carbons, the control of the level of zeolite-like ordering and its effect on hydrogen storage properties,” Carbon N.Y., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 844–853, 2011.
Z. Yang, Y. Xia, X. Sun, and R. Mokaya, “Preparation and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials.pdf,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, pp. 18424–18431, 2006.
Z. Yang, Y. Xia, and R. Mokaya, “Enhanced hydrogen storage capacity of high surface area zeolite-like carbon materials,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 1673–1679, 2007.
O. Bernauer, “Development of hydrogen-hydride technology in the F.R.G.,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 727–735, 1989.
M. Bhouri, M. Linder, and I. Bürger, “Metal hydride reactor for dual use: Hydrogen storage and cold production,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 52, pp. 23357–23371, 2018.
L. Pickering, F. Barbir, V. Yartys, M. V. Lototskyy, I. Tolj, and C. Sita, “The use of metal hydrides in fuel cell applications,” Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3–20, 2017.
K. Malleswararao, A. N, S. Srinivasa Murthy, and P. Dutta, “Performance prediction of a coupled metal hydride based thermal energy storage system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 32, pp. 16239–16253, 2020.
M. B. Ley, L. H. Jepsen, Y. S. Lee, Y. W. Cho, J. M. Bellosta von Colbe, M. Dornheim, M. Rokni, J. O. Jensen, M. Sloth, Y. Filinchuk, J. E. Jørgensen, F. Besenbacher, and T. R. Jensen, “Complex hydrides for hydrogen storage - New perspectives,” Materials Today, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 122–128, 2014.
J. Andersson and S. Grönkvist, “Large-scale storage of hydrogen,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 23, pp. 11901–11919, 2019.
S. V. Alapati, J. K. Johnson, and D. S. Sholl, “Identification of destabilized metal hydrides for hydrogen storage using first principles calculations,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, no. 17, pp. 8769–8776, 2006.
J. Graetz, J. J. Reilly, V. A. Yartys, J. P. Maehlen, B. M. Bulychev, V. E. Antonov, B. P. Tarasov, and I. E. Gabis, “Aluminum hydride as a hydrogen and energy storage material: Past, present and future,” Journal of Alloys Compound, vol. 509, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. S517–S528, 2011.
J. Wang, A. D. Ebner, and J. A. Ritter, “On the reversibility of hydrogen storage in novel complex hydrides,” Adsorption, vol. 11, no. 1 SUPPL., pp. 811–816, 2005.
C. P. Baldé, B. P. C. Hereijgers, J. H. Bitter, and K. P. De Jong, “Sodium alanate nanoparticles - Linking size to hydrogen storage properties,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 130, no. 21, pp. 6761–6765, 2008.
S. Orimo, Y. Nakamori, T. Kato, C. Brown, and C. M. Jensen, “Intrinsic and mechanically modified thermal stabilities of α-, β- and γ-aluminum trihydrides AlH3,” Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 5–8, 2006.
G. C. Sinke, L. C. Walker, F. L. Oetting, and D. R. Stull, “Thermodynamic properties of aluminum hydride,” Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 2759–2761, 1967.
J. Graetz and J. J. Reilly, “Thermodynamics of the α, β and γ polymorphs of AlH3,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 424, no. 1–2, pp. 262–265, 2006.
A. Züttel, P. Wenger, S. Rentsch, P. Sudan, P. Mauron, and C. Emmenegger, “LiBH4 a new hydrogen storage material,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 118, no. 1–2, pp. 1–7, 2003.
K. Manickam, P. Mistry, G. Walker, D. Grant, C. E. Buckley, T. D. Humphries, M. Paskevicius, T. Jensen, R. Albert, K. Peinecke, and M. Felderhoff, “Future Perspectives of thermal energy storage with metal hydrides,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. xxx, no. 1, p. 2, 2018.
H. Wang, H. J. Lin, W. T. Cai, L. Z. Ouyang, and M. Zhu, “Tuning kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen storage in light metal element based systems - A review of recent progress,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 658, pp. 280–300, 2016.
A. G. Haiduc, H. A. Stil, M. A. Schwarz, P. Paulus, and J. J. C. Geerlings, “On the fate of the Ti catalyst during hydrogen cycling of sodium alanate,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 393, no. 1–2, pp. 252–263, 2005.
E. H. Majzoub, F. Zhou, and V. Ozoliņš, “First-principles calculated phase diagram for nanoclusters in the Na-Al-H system: A single-step decomposition pathway for NaAlH4,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 6, pp. 2636–2643, 2011.
T. Mueller and G. Ceder, “Effect of particle size on hydrogen release from sodium alanate nanoparticles,” ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 5647–5656, 2010.
B. Bogdanović, R. A. Brand, A. Marjanović, M. Schwickardi, and J. Tölle, “Metal-doped sodium aluminium hydrides as potential new hydrogen storage materials,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 302, no. 1–2, pp. 36–58, 2000.
M. Resan, M. D. Hampton, J. K. Lomness, and D. K. Slattery, “Effects of various catalysts on hydrogen release and uptake characteristics of LiAlH4,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 30, no. 13–14, pp. 1413–1416, 2005.
R. D. Zysler, C. P. Arciprete, and M. I. Dimitrijewits, “Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles,” pp. 481–486, 1998.
S. S. Muir and X. Yao, “Progress in sodium borohydride as a hydrogen storage material: Development of hydrolysis catalysts and reaction systems,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 5983–5997, 2011.
J. Chen, N. Kuriyama, Q. Xu, H. T. Takeshita, and T. Sakai, “Reversible hydrogen storage via titanium-catalyzed LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 105, no. 45, pp. 11214–11220, 2001.
V. P. Balema, J. W. Wiench, K. W. Dennis, M. Pruski, and V. K. Pecharsky, “Titanium catalyzed solid-state transformations in LiAlH4 during high-energy ball-milling,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 329, no. 1–2, pp. 108–114, 2001.
L. Li, F. Qiu, Y. Wang, Y. Xu, C. An, G. Liu, L. Jiao, and H. Yuan, “Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of TiN–LiAlH₄ composite,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 3695–3701, 2013.
S. Zhou, J. Zou, X. Zeng, and W. Ding, “Effects of REF3 (RE = Y, La, Ce) additives on dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, no. 22, pp. 11642–11650, 2014.
C. Y. Tan and W. T. Tsai, “Catalytic and inhibitive effects of Pd and Pt decorated MWCNTs on the dehydrogenation behavior of LiAlH4,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 40, no. 32, pp. 10185–10193, 2015.
J. R. Ares, K. F. Aguey-Zinsou, M. Porcu, J. M. Sykes, M. Dornheim, T. Klassen, and R. Bormann, “Thermal and mechanically activated decomposition of LiAlH₄,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1263–1275, 200.
D. Blanchard, H. W. Brinks, B. C. Hauback, and P. Norby, “Desorption of LiAlH4 with Ti- and V-based additives,” Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, vol. 108, no. 1–2, pp. 54–59, 2004.
X. Zheng, X. Qu, I. S. Humail, P. Li, and G. Wang, “Effects of various catalysts and heating rates on hydrogen release from lithium alanate,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1141–1144, 2007.
J. R. Ares Fernandez, K. F. Aguey-Zinsou, M. Elsaesser, X. Z. Ma, M. Dornheim, T. Klassen, and R. Bormann, “Mechanical and thermal decomposition of LiAlH₄ with metal halides,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1033–1040, 2007.
M. Ismail, Y. Zhao, X. B. Yu, and S. X. Dou, “Effects of NbF5 addition on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2361–2367, 2010.
M. Ismail, Y. Zhao, X. B. Yu, A. Ranjbar, and S. X. Dou, “Improved hydrogen desorption in lithium alanate by addition of SWCNT-metallic catalyst composite,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3593–3599, 2011.
Rafi-Ud-Din, L. Zhang, L. Ping, and Q. Xuanhui, “Catalytic effects of nano-sized TiC additions on the hydrogen storage properties of LiAlH4,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 508, no. 1, pp. 119–128, 2010.
F. Zhai, P. Li, A. Sun, S. Wu, Q. Wan, W. Zhang, Y. Li, L. Cui, and X. Qu, “Significantly improved dehydrogenation of LiAlH₄ destabilized by MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 116, no. 22, pp. 11939–11945, 2012.
Z. Li, S. Liu, X. Si, J. Zhang, C. Jiao, S. Wang, S. Liu, Y. J. Zou, L. Sun, and F. Xu, “Significantly improved dehydrogenation of LiAlH₄ destabilized by K₂TiF₆,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 3261–3267, 2012.
R. Lan, J. T. S. Irvine, and S. Tao, “Ammonia and related chemicals as potential indirect hydrogen storage materials,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1482–1494, 2012.
B. Sunden, “Hydrogen 3 3.1,” pp. 37–55, 2019.
C. C. Chou, B. H. Chen, and D. J. Lee, “Hydrogen storage in a chemical hydride fuel system containing ammonia borane and Ni-Co/r-GO catalyst,” Energy Procedia, vol. 61, pp. 142–145, 2014.
R. B. Biniwale, S. Rayalu, S. Devotta, and M. Ichikawa, “Chemical hydrides: A solution to high capacity hydrogen storage and supply,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 360–365, 2008.
A. De Silvestri, S. Stendardo, M. Della, and D. Borello, “ScienceDirect Decarbonizing cement plants via a fully integrated calcium looping-molten carbonate fuel cell process : Assessment of a model for fuel cell performance predictions under different operating conditions,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 28, pp. 14988–15007, 2020.
H. Wan, L. Ran, H. Lu, J. Qiu, H. Zhang, and Y. Yang, “Optimizing microstructure and enhancing hydrogen storage properties in Mg alloy via tailoring Ni and Si element ✩,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 13, pp. 3784–3797, 2025.
D. Singh and R. Ahuja, “Theoretical Prediction of a Bi-Doped β-Antimonene Monolayer as a Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Overall Water Splitting,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 47, pp. 56254–56264, 2021.
T. G. Voskuilen, “Phase field modeling of hydrogen transport and reaction in metal hydrides,” vol. 8, 2013.
S. Bouaricha, J. P. Dodelet, D. Guay, J. Huot, and R. Schulz, “Study of the activation process of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials modified by graphite and other carbonaceous compounds,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2893–2905, 2001.
Y. Liu and H. Pan, Hydrogen Storage Materials. Elsevier B.V., 2013.
V. and Mykhaylo, An overview of hydrogen storage technologies, vol. 24, no. 3. 2006.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v11.i1.76
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Editorial Office:
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
Jl. Palembang-Prabumulih Km.35 Indralaya Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan 30662
IJFAC by Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License