A Decrease In The Number Of Palm Oil Acids Using The Ion Exchange Method

Muhammad Rico Ghozali, Fitri Hadiah, Tuti Emilia Agustina

Abstract


Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is a vegetable oil that contains free fatty acids. Free fatty acids (FFA) with a percentage below 5 are one of the parameters that affect the selling price of this commodity. The CPO used in this study came from a fatpit station with an acid number of 18 to 24 mgKOH / gram of oil. This study aims to reduce the free fatty acids contained in CPO by the ion exchange method using the help of Amberlite IRA 900 resin and Lewatit Monoplus M500 and then the acid number is calculated. The solvent used in this study was n-hexane with a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 3, 3: 2 and 1: 2 to oil. The research was initiated by activating the two types of resin using NaOH 4% solution as much as 450 ml, then each resin was mixed with hexane oil mixed with an initial ratio of 1: 1, the results were then distilled to separate the oil and hexane and then calculate the acid number. The resin that has been used is then rinsed using methanol before reducing the acid number again, if the acid number is ≥ 5 mgKOH / gram the oil is regenerated from the resin used. The results of this study showed that the Lewatit resin with a ratio of 3: 2 was able to decrease the acid number consistently for 3 times, regeneration had no effect on the decrease in acid number.

Keywords: deacidification, anion resin, n-heksan, NaOH, CPO

 

Abstrak (Indonesian)

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) adalah salah satu minyak nabati yang memiliki kandungan asam lemak bebas. Asam lemak bebas yang juga dikenal fat fatty acid (FFA) dengan persentase dibawah 5 merupakan salah satu parameter yang mempengarui harga jual komoditi ini. CPO yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari stasiun fatpit dengan angka asam 18 sampai dengan 24 mgKOH/gminyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan asam lemak bebas yang terkandung dalam CPO dengan metode ion exchange menggunakan bantuan resin Amberlite IRA 900 dan Lewatit Monoplus M500 lalu dihitung angka asamnya. Pelarut yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah n-heksan dengan rasio 1:1, 2:3, 3:2 dan 1:2 terhadap minyak. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan aktifasi terhadap kedua jenis resin menggunakan larutan NaOH 4% sebanyak 450 ml, kemudian masing masing resin dialiri minyak bercampur heksan dengan perbandingan awal 1:1, hasilnya kemudian didestilasi untuk memisahkan minyak dan heksan lalu hitung angka asamnya. Resin yang telah digunakan kemudian dibilas dengan menggunakan methanol sebelum melakukan penurunan angka asam lagi, jika angka asam sudah ≥ 5 mgKOH/mgminyak dilakukan regenerasi terhadap resin yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan resin Lewatit dengan rasio 3:2 mampu menurunkan angka asam secara konsisten selama 3 kali penurunan, regenerasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan angka asam.

Kata Kunci: deacidification, anion resin, n-heksan, NaOH, CPO

 


Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References


1 Astuti, W., 2006. Penurunan Kadar Lemak Bebas Minyak Kelapa Sawit (CPO) Menggunakan Zeoit Alam Lampung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional 2006 Iptek Solusi Kemandirian Bangsa. Yogyakarta, 2-3 Agustus 2006.

2 Maddikeri, et al., 2012. Adsorptive Removal Of Saturated And Unsaturated Fatty Acids Using Ion Exchange Resin. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 6869 – 6876.

3 Wu, W. L., Tan, Z. Q., Wu, G. J., Yuan, L., Zhu, W. L., Bao, Y. L., Pan, L. Y., Yang, Y. J., Zheng, J. X., 2013. Deadicification Of Crude Low Calorie Cocoa Butter With Liquid- Liquid Extraction and Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin. Separation and Purification Technology 102 (2013) 163-172.

4 Hadiah, F., Irawati., Prakoso, T., Soerawidjaja, T.H., 2014. Deacidification of Fatty Oils Using, Anion Exchange Resin. The 5th Sriwijaya International Seminar On Energy and Environmental Science & Technology, Palembang Indonesia.

5 Gan, S., Ng, H, K., Chan, P, H., Leong, F, L., Heterogeneous Free Fatty Acids Esterification In Waste Cooking Oil Using Ion Exchange Resin. Fuel Processing Technology 102 (2012) 67-72.

6 Jiang, Y., Lu, J., Sun, K., Ma, L., Ding, J., Esterification Of Oleic Acid With Ethanol Catalyzed By Sufonated Cation Exchange Resin : Experimental and Kinetic Studies. Energy Conversion and Management 76 (2013) 980-985.

7 Feng, Y., He, B., Cao, Y., Li, J., Liu, M., Yan, F., Liang, X., Biodiesel Production Using Cation Exchange Resin As Heteregeneous Catalyst. Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 1518-1521.

8 Kitakawa, N.S., Tsuji, T., Chida, K., Kubo, M., Yonemoto. T., 2010. Simple Continous Production Proses Of Biodiesel From Oil With High Content Of Free Fatty Acid Using Ion Exchange Resin Catalysts. Energy Fuels 2010, 24,3634-3638.

Gabungan Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI)., 2014. Industri Minyak Sawit Indonesia Menuju 100 Tahun NKRI. Bogor, Indonesia.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v5.i3.59

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

Editorial Office:

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
Jl. Palembang-Prabumulih Km.35 Indralaya Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan 30662

 

 

Creative Commons License
IJFAC by Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License